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// Copyright 2018 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
//! Implements the interface for intercepting API requests, forwarding them to the VMM
//! and responding to the user.
//! It is constructed on top of an HTTP Server that uses Unix Domain Sockets and `EPOLL` to
//! handle multiple connections on the same thread.
pub mod parsed_request;
pub mod request;
use std::fmt::Debug;
use std::sync::mpsc;
pub use micro_http::{Body, HttpServer, Request, Response, ServerError, StatusCode, Version};
use parsed_request::{ParsedRequest, RequestAction};
use serde_json::json;
use utils::time::{ClockType, get_time_us};
use vmm::logger::{
METRICS, ProcessTimeReporter, debug, error, info, update_metric_with_elapsed_time, warn,
};
use vmm::rpc_interface::{ApiRequest, ApiResponse, VmmAction};
use vmm::seccomp::BpfProgramRef;
use vmm::vmm_config::snapshot::SnapshotType;
use vmm_sys_util::eventfd::EventFd;
/// Structure associated with the API server implementation.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct ApiServer {
/// Sender which allows passing messages to the VMM.
api_request_sender: mpsc::Sender<ApiRequest>,
/// Receiver which collects messages from the VMM.
vmm_response_receiver: mpsc::Receiver<ApiResponse>,
/// FD on which we notify the VMM that we have sent at least one
/// `VmmRequest`.
to_vmm_fd: EventFd,
}
impl ApiServer {
/// Constructor for `ApiServer`.
///
/// Returns the newly formed `ApiServer`.
pub fn new(
api_request_sender: mpsc::Sender<ApiRequest>,
vmm_response_receiver: mpsc::Receiver<ApiResponse>,
to_vmm_fd: EventFd,
) -> Self {
ApiServer {
api_request_sender,
vmm_response_receiver,
to_vmm_fd,
}
}
/// Runs the Api Server.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `path` - the socket path on which the server will wait for requests.
/// * `start_time_us` - the timestamp for when the process was started in us.
/// * `start_time_cpu_us` - the timestamp for when the process was started in CPU us.
/// * `seccomp_filter` - the seccomp filter to apply.
pub fn run(
&mut self,
mut server: HttpServer,
process_time_reporter: ProcessTimeReporter,
seccomp_filter: BpfProgramRef,
api_payload_limit: usize,
) {
// Set the api payload size limit.
server.set_payload_max_size(api_payload_limit);
// Load seccomp filters on the API thread.
// Execution panics if filters cannot be loaded, use --no-seccomp if skipping filters
// altogether is the desired behaviour.
if let Err(err) = vmm::seccomp::apply_filter(seccomp_filter) {
panic!(
"Failed to set the requested seccomp filters on the API thread: {}",
err
);
}
server.start_server().expect("Cannot start HTTP server");
info!("API server started.");
// Store process start time metric.
process_time_reporter.report_start_time();
// Store process CPU start time metric.
process_time_reporter.report_cpu_start_time();
loop {
let request_vec = match server.requests() {
Ok(vec) => vec,
Err(ServerError::ShutdownEvent) => {
server.flush_outgoing_writes();
debug!("shutdown request received, API server thread ending.");
return;
}
Err(err) => {
// print request error, but keep server running
error!("API Server error on retrieving incoming request: {}", err);
continue;
}
};
for server_request in request_vec {
let request_processing_start_us = get_time_us(ClockType::Monotonic);
// Use `self.handle_request()` as the processing callback.
let response = server_request
.process(|request| self.handle_request(request, request_processing_start_us));
if let Err(err) = server.respond(response) {
error!("API Server encountered an error on response: {}", err);
};
let delta_us = get_time_us(ClockType::Monotonic) - request_processing_start_us;
debug!("Total previous API call duration: {} us.", delta_us);
}
}
}
/// Handles an API request received through the associated socket.
pub fn handle_request(
&mut self,
request: &Request,
request_processing_start_us: u64,
) -> Response {
match ParsedRequest::try_from(request).map(|r| r.into_parts()) {
Ok((req_action, mut parsing_info)) => {
let mut response = match req_action {
RequestAction::Sync(vmm_action) => {
self.serve_vmm_action_request(vmm_action, request_processing_start_us)
}
};
if let Some(message) = parsing_info.take_deprecation_message() {
warn!("{}", message);
response.set_deprecation();
}
response
}
Err(err) => {
error!("{:?}", err);
err.into()
}
}
}
fn serve_vmm_action_request(
&mut self,
vmm_action: Box<VmmAction>,
request_processing_start_us: u64,
) -> Response {
let metric_with_action = match *vmm_action {
VmmAction::CreateSnapshot(ref params) => match params.snapshot_type {
SnapshotType::Full => Some((
&METRICS.latencies_us.full_create_snapshot,
"create full snapshot",
)),
SnapshotType::Diff => Some((
&METRICS.latencies_us.diff_create_snapshot,
"create diff snapshot",
)),
},
VmmAction::LoadSnapshot(_) => {
Some((&METRICS.latencies_us.load_snapshot, "load snapshot"))
}
VmmAction::Pause => Some((&METRICS.latencies_us.pause_vm, "pause vm")),
VmmAction::Resume => Some((&METRICS.latencies_us.resume_vm, "resume vm")),
_ => None,
};
self.api_request_sender
.send(vmm_action)
.expect("Failed to send VMM message");
self.to_vmm_fd.write(1).expect("Cannot update send VMM fd");
let vmm_outcome = *(self.vmm_response_receiver.recv().expect("VMM disconnected"));
let response = ParsedRequest::convert_to_response(&vmm_outcome);
if vmm_outcome.is_ok() {
if let Some((metric, action)) = metric_with_action {
let elapsed_time_us =
update_metric_with_elapsed_time(metric, request_processing_start_us);
info!("'{}' API request took {} us.", action, elapsed_time_us);
}
}
response
}
/// An HTTP response which also includes a body.
pub(crate) fn json_response<T: Into<String> + Debug>(status: StatusCode, body: T) -> Response {
let mut response = Response::new(Version::Http11, status);
response.set_body(Body::new(body.into()));
response
}
fn json_fault_message<T: AsRef<str> + serde::Serialize + Debug>(msg: T) -> String {
json!({ "fault_message": msg }).to_string()
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use std::io::{Read, Write};
use std::os::unix::net::UnixStream;
use std::path::PathBuf;
use std::sync::mpsc::channel;
use std::thread;
use micro_http::HttpConnection;
use utils::time::ClockType;
use vmm::builder::StartMicrovmError;
use vmm::logger::StoreMetric;
use vmm::rpc_interface::{VmmActionError, VmmData};
use vmm::seccomp::get_empty_filters;
use vmm::vmm_config::instance_info::InstanceInfo;
use vmm::vmm_config::snapshot::CreateSnapshotParams;
use vmm_sys_util::tempfile::TempFile;
use super::request::cpu_configuration::parse_put_cpu_config;
use super::*;
/// Test unescaped CPU template in JSON format.
/// Newlines injected into a field's value to
/// test deserialization and logging.
#[cfg(target_arch = "x86_64")]
const TEST_UNESCAPED_JSON_TEMPLATE: &str = r#"{
"msr_modifiers": [
{
"addr": "0x0\n\n\n\nTEST\n\n\n\n",
"bitmap": "0b00"
}
]
}"#;
#[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")]
pub const TEST_UNESCAPED_JSON_TEMPLATE: &str = r#"{
"reg_modifiers": [
{
"addr": "0x0\n\n\n\nTEST\n\n\n\n",
"bitmap": "0b00"
}
]
}"#;
#[test]
fn test_serve_vmm_action_request() {
let to_vmm_fd = EventFd::new(libc::EFD_NONBLOCK).unwrap();
let (api_request_sender, _from_api) = channel();
let (to_api, vmm_response_receiver) = channel();
let mut api_server = ApiServer::new(api_request_sender, vmm_response_receiver, to_vmm_fd);
to_api
.send(Box::new(Err(VmmActionError::StartMicrovm(
StartMicrovmError::MissingKernelConfig,
))))
.unwrap();
let response = api_server.serve_vmm_action_request(Box::new(VmmAction::StartMicroVm), 0);
assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::BadRequest);
// Since the vmm side is mocked out in this test, the call to serve_vmm_action_request can
// complete very fast (under 1us, the resolution of our metrics). In these cases, the
// latencies_us.pause_vm metric can be set to 0, failing the assertion below. By
// subtracting 1 we assure that the metric will always be set to at least 1 (if it gets set
// at all, which is what this test is trying to prove).
let start_time_us = get_time_us(ClockType::Monotonic) - 1;
assert_eq!(METRICS.latencies_us.pause_vm.fetch(), 0);
to_api.send(Box::new(Ok(VmmData::Empty))).unwrap();
let response =
api_server.serve_vmm_action_request(Box::new(VmmAction::Pause), start_time_us);
assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::NoContent);
assert_ne!(METRICS.latencies_us.pause_vm.fetch(), 0);
assert_eq!(METRICS.latencies_us.diff_create_snapshot.fetch(), 0);
to_api
.send(Box::new(Err(VmmActionError::OperationNotSupportedPreBoot)))
.unwrap();
let response = api_server.serve_vmm_action_request(
Box::new(VmmAction::CreateSnapshot(CreateSnapshotParams {
snapshot_type: SnapshotType::Diff,
snapshot_path: PathBuf::new(),
mem_file_path: PathBuf::new(),
})),
start_time_us,
);
assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::BadRequest);
// The metric should not be updated if the request wasn't successful.
assert_eq!(METRICS.latencies_us.diff_create_snapshot.fetch(), 0);
to_api.send(Box::new(Ok(VmmData::Empty))).unwrap();
let response = api_server.serve_vmm_action_request(
Box::new(VmmAction::CreateSnapshot(CreateSnapshotParams {
snapshot_type: SnapshotType::Diff,
snapshot_path: PathBuf::new(),
mem_file_path: PathBuf::new(),
})),
start_time_us,
);
assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::NoContent);
assert_ne!(METRICS.latencies_us.diff_create_snapshot.fetch(), 0);
assert_eq!(METRICS.latencies_us.full_create_snapshot.fetch(), 0);
}
#[test]
fn test_handle_request() {
let to_vmm_fd = EventFd::new(libc::EFD_NONBLOCK).unwrap();
let (api_request_sender, _from_api) = channel();
let (to_api, vmm_response_receiver) = channel();
let mut api_server = ApiServer::new(api_request_sender, vmm_response_receiver, to_vmm_fd);
// Test an Actions request.
let (mut sender, receiver) = UnixStream::pair().unwrap();
let mut connection = HttpConnection::new(receiver);
sender
.write_all(
b"PUT /actions HTTP/1.1\r\n\
Content-Type: application/json\r\n\
Content-Length: 49\r\n\r\n{ \
\"action_type\": \"Invalid\", \
\"payload\": \"string\" \
}",
)
.unwrap();
connection.try_read().unwrap();
let req = connection.pop_parsed_request().unwrap();
let response = api_server.handle_request(&req, 0);
assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::BadRequest);
// Test a Get Info request.
to_api
.send(Box::new(Ok(VmmData::InstanceInformation(
InstanceInfo::default(),
))))
.unwrap();
sender.write_all(b"GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n\r\n").unwrap();
connection.try_read().unwrap();
let req = connection.pop_parsed_request().unwrap();
let response = api_server.handle_request(&req, 0);
assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::OK);
// Test erroneous request.
sender
.write_all(
b"GET /mmds HTTP/1.1\r\n\
Content-Type: application/json\r\n\
Content-Length: 2\r\n\r\n{}",
)
.unwrap();
connection.try_read().unwrap();
let req = connection.pop_parsed_request().unwrap();
let response = api_server.handle_request(&req, 0);
assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::BadRequest);
}
#[test]
fn test_handle_request_logging() {
let cpu_template_json = TEST_UNESCAPED_JSON_TEMPLATE;
let result = parse_put_cpu_config(&Body::new(cpu_template_json.as_bytes()));
let result_error = result.unwrap_err();
let err_msg = format!("{}", result_error);
assert_ne!(
1,
err_msg.lines().count(),
"Error Body response:\n{}",
err_msg
);
let err_msg_with_debug = format!("{:?}", result_error);
// Check the loglines are on one line.
assert_eq!(
1,
err_msg_with_debug.lines().count(),
"Error Body response:\n{}",
err_msg_with_debug
);
}
#[test]
fn test_bind_and_run() {
let mut tmp_socket = TempFile::new().unwrap();
tmp_socket.remove().unwrap();
let path_to_socket = tmp_socket.as_path().to_str().unwrap().to_owned();
let api_thread_path_to_socket = path_to_socket.clone();
let to_vmm_fd = EventFd::new(libc::EFD_NONBLOCK).unwrap();
let (api_request_sender, _from_api) = channel();
let (to_api, vmm_response_receiver) = channel();
let seccomp_filters = get_empty_filters();
let server = HttpServer::new(PathBuf::from(api_thread_path_to_socket)).unwrap();
thread::Builder::new()
.name("fc_api_test".to_owned())
.spawn(move || {
ApiServer::new(api_request_sender, vmm_response_receiver, to_vmm_fd).run(
server,
ProcessTimeReporter::new(Some(1), Some(1), Some(1)),
seccomp_filters.get("api").unwrap(),
vmm::HTTP_MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE,
);
})
.unwrap();
to_api
.send(Box::new(Ok(VmmData::InstanceInformation(
InstanceInfo::default(),
))))
.unwrap();
let mut sock = UnixStream::connect(PathBuf::from(path_to_socket)).unwrap();
// Send a GET InstanceInfo request.
sock.write_all(b"GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n\r\n").unwrap();
let mut buf: [u8; 100] = [0; 100];
assert!(sock.read(&mut buf[..]).unwrap() > 0);
// Send an erroneous request.
sock.write_all(b"OPTIONS / HTTP/1.1\r\n\r\n").unwrap();
let mut buf: [u8; 100] = [0; 100];
assert!(sock.read(&mut buf[..]).unwrap() > 0);
}
#[test]
fn test_bind_and_run_with_limit() {
let mut tmp_socket = TempFile::new().unwrap();
tmp_socket.remove().unwrap();
let path_to_socket = tmp_socket.as_path().to_str().unwrap().to_owned();
let api_thread_path_to_socket = path_to_socket.clone();
let to_vmm_fd = EventFd::new(libc::EFD_NONBLOCK).unwrap();
let (api_request_sender, _from_api) = channel();
let (_to_api, vmm_response_receiver) = channel();
let seccomp_filters = get_empty_filters();
let server = HttpServer::new(PathBuf::from(api_thread_path_to_socket)).unwrap();
thread::Builder::new()
.name("fc_api_test".to_owned())
.spawn(move || {
ApiServer::new(api_request_sender, vmm_response_receiver, to_vmm_fd).run(
server,
ProcessTimeReporter::new(Some(1), Some(1), Some(1)),
seccomp_filters.get("api").unwrap(),
50,
)
})
.unwrap();
let mut sock = UnixStream::connect(PathBuf::from(path_to_socket)).unwrap();
// Send a GET mmds request.
sock.write_all(
b"PUT http://localhost/home HTTP/1.1\r\n\
Content-Length: 50000\r\n\r\naaaaaa",
)
.unwrap();
let mut buf: [u8; 265] = [0; 265];
assert!(sock.read(&mut buf[..]).unwrap() > 0);
let error_message = b"HTTP/1.1 400 \r\n\
Server: Firecracker API\r\n\
Connection: keep-alive\r\n\
Content-Type: application/json\r\n\
Content-Length: 146\r\n\r\n{ \"error\": \"\
Request payload with size 50000 is larger than \
the limit of 50 allowed by server.\nAll previous \
unanswered requests will be dropped.\" }";
assert_eq!(&buf[..], &error_message[..]);
}
#[test]
fn test_kill_switch() {
let mut tmp_socket = TempFile::new().unwrap();
tmp_socket.remove().unwrap();
let path_to_socket = tmp_socket.as_path().to_str().unwrap().to_owned();
let to_vmm_fd = EventFd::new(libc::EFD_NONBLOCK).unwrap();
let (api_request_sender, _from_api) = channel();
let (_to_api, vmm_response_receiver) = channel();
let seccomp_filters = get_empty_filters();
let api_kill_switch = EventFd::new(libc::EFD_NONBLOCK).unwrap();
let kill_switch = api_kill_switch.try_clone().unwrap();
let mut server = HttpServer::new(PathBuf::from(path_to_socket)).unwrap();
server.add_kill_switch(kill_switch).unwrap();
let api_thread = thread::Builder::new()
.name("fc_api_test".to_owned())
.spawn(move || {
ApiServer::new(api_request_sender, vmm_response_receiver, to_vmm_fd).run(
server,
ProcessTimeReporter::new(Some(1), Some(1), Some(1)),
seccomp_filters.get("api").unwrap(),
vmm::HTTP_MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE,
)
})
.unwrap();
// Signal the API thread it should shut down.
api_kill_switch.write(1).unwrap();
// Verify API thread was brought down.
api_thread.join().unwrap();
}
}